Famous Israeli scientists
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Nobel Prize Winners

Three Israelis have won science Nobel Prizes. Biologists Avram Hershko and Aaron Ciechanover of the Technion shared the Chemistry prize in 2004. Israeli-American psychologist Daniel Kahneman had previously won the 2002 prize in Economics.
In 2005 Robert Aumann from The Hebrew University also won the prize in Economics.
Additionally, 1958 Medicine laureate Joshua Lederberg was born to Jewish Palestinian parents, while 2004 Physics laureate David Gross partly grew up in Israel, where he obtained his undergraduate degree.
Computing and mathematics
Shmuel Agmon, mathematician,
Noga Alon, mathematician,
Shimshon Anitzur,
Robert "Yisrael" J. Aumann - mathematical game theory; Nobel Prize in Economics (2005)
Amir Ban & Shay Bushinsky - programmers of Deep Junior
Moshe Bar - creator & main developer of openMosix
Yehoshua Bar-Hillel - machine translation
Joseph Bernstein,
Eli Biham - differential cryptanalysis
Arie Dvoretzky,
Abraham Fraenkel - ZF set theory
Hillel Furstenberg,
David Harel - computer science; Israel Prize (2004)
Abraham Lempel & Jacob Ziv - LZW compression; Richard W. Hamming Medal (1995)
Yoram Lidenstrauss,
Michel Loève - probabilist (born in 1907 Palestine)
Joel Moses - MIT provost & writer of Macsyma
Judea Pearl - artificial intelligence, philosophy of action
Haim Pekeris,
Ilya Piatetski-Shapiro - representation theory; Wolf Prize in Mathematics (1990)
Amir Pnueli - temporal logic; Turing Award (1996)
Michael O. Rabin - nondeterminism, primality testing; Turing Award (1976)
Adi Shamir - RSA encryption, differential cryptanalysis; Turing Award (2002)
Saharon Shelah - logic; Wolf Prize in Mathematics (2001)
Ehud Shapiro - Concurrent Prolog, DNA computing pioneer
Avi Wigderson - randomized algorithms; Nevanlinna Prize (1994)
Doron Zeilberger - combinatorics
Reuven Cohen - Open Source Advocate
There have also been at least 9 Israeli winners of the Gödel Prize in theoretical computer science
: Shlomo Moran (93) & Shafi Goldwasser (93 & 01),
Yoram Moses (97), Moshe Vardi (00),
Uriel Feige & Shmuel Safra (01),
Nir Shavit (04)
and Noga Alon & Yossi Matias (05).
Physics and chemistry
Yakir Aharonov - Aharonov-Bohm effect; Wolf Prize in Physics (1998)
Shlomo Alexander,
Jacob Bekenstein - black hole thermodynamics
Amos De-Shalit,
David Deutsch - quantum computing pioneer; Paul Dirac Prize (1998)
Israel Dostrovsky, physical chemistry,
Joshua Jortner & Rafi Levine - molecular energy; Wolf Prize in Chemistry (1988)
Josef Imry, physicist,
Aaron Katzir, physical chemistry,
Ephraim Katzir - immobilized enzymes; Japan Prize (1985)
Zvi Lipkin, physicist,
Mordehai Milgrom - Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND)
Yuval Ne'eman - the "Eightfold way"
Asher Peres - quantum theory
Giulio Racah - spectroscopy
Nathan Rosen - EPR paradox
Nathan Seiberg - string theory
Dan Shechtman - quasicrystals; Wolf Prize in Physics (1999)
Shmuel Shtrikman, physicist,
Izchak Shteinberg, physicist,
Zeev Tadmor, chemical engineering,
Igal Talmi, partical physics
Chaim Weizmann - acetone production
Itamar Wilner, chemist,
Biology and medicine
Israel Aharoni - discovered the Syrian hamster
Aaron Ciechanover & Avram Hershko - ubiquitin system; Lasker Award (2000), Nobel Prize in Chemistry (2004)
Moshe Feldenkrais - invented Feldenkrais method used in movement therapy
Gavriel Iddan - inventor of capsule endoscopy
Doron Lancet - smell, origin of life
Alexander Levitzki - cancer research; Wolf Prize in Medicine (2005)
Leo Sachs - blood cell research; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1980)
Michael Sela & Ruth Arnon - developed Copaxone; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1998)
Jacob Shani - performed the first atherectomy in New York State(1991); invented an angled catheter(1992)
Israel Silman - 3D structure of acetylcholinesterase, Elkeles Prize for Research in Medicine (2005)
Joel Sussman - 3D structure of acetylcholinesterase, Elkeles Prize for Research in Medicine (2005)
Valero Aaron-Professor of Medicine, founder of Faculty of Medicine at the Technion, director of government hospital
Meir Wilchek - affinity chromatography; Wolf Prize in Medicine (1987)
Ada Yonath - structure of ribosome
Amotz Zahavi - Handicap Principle
Engineering
Franz Ollendorf, Electronics, Electrical research,
Moshe Zakai, Electrical engineering,
Jacob Ziv, Electrical engineering,
Philosophy
Martin Buber - philosopher
Berl Katznelson
Joseph Raz - philosopher
Yeshayahu Leibowitz - philosopher and public figure
Avishai Margalit - philosopher
Social sciences
Aharon Dolgopolsky - linguist: Nostratic
David Asheri, classical studies,
SN Eisenstadt - sociologist: multiple modernities
Haim Ginott - psychologist: child psychology
Eliyahu Goldratt - business consultant: theory of constraints
Louis Guttman, sociologist,
Don Handelman, Anthropology, Sociology,
Elhanan Helpman - economist: international trade
Daniel Kahneman - behavioural scientist: prospect theory; Nobel Prize in Economics (2002)
Benjamin Mazar & Yigael Yadin - archaeologists
Benny Morris & Avi Shlaim - historians: New Historians
David Navon, psychologist,
Erich Neumann - analytical psychologist: development, consciousness
Hans Jakob Polotsky, linguist,
Ariel Rubinstein, economist,
Yoram Tsafrir, Archeology,
Amos Tversky - behavioral scientist: prospect theory with Daniel Kahneman
Menahem Yaari, economist,