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в ответ fotog 20.06.06 21:24
In Antwort auf:
На этой земле каждый камень пропитан еврейской историей...
На этой земле каждый камень пропитан еврейской историей...
Das gleiche könnten auch die Palästinenser behaupten. Auch sie glauben daran, dass Joseph und Abraham ihre Vorfahren waren. Palästinenser stammen übrigens teilweise von den alten Hebräern ab, was auch genetisch nachgewiesen ist. Die Ostjuden sind nicht mehr mit den alten Hebräern verwandt, als die Palästinenser. Sie stammen eher von den Kurden oder Türken ab, als von Semiten.
In Antwort auf:
... At the present time, it is known that Eastern European Jews have a significant Eastern Mediterranean element which manifests itself in a close relationship with Kurdish, Armenian, Palestinian Arab, Lebanese, Syrian, and Anatolian Turkish peoples. This is why the Y-DNA haplogroups J and E, which are typical of the Middle East, are so common among them. At the same time, there are traces of European (including Western Slavic) and Khazar ancestry among European Jews. ..
Important studies archived here include the University College London study of 2002, Ariella Oppenheim's study of 2001, Ariella Oppenheim's study of 2000, Michael Hammer's study of 2000, and others.
Key findings:
* The main ethnic element of Ashkenazim (German and Eastern European Jews), Sephardim (Spanish and Portuguese Jews), Mizrakhim (Middle Eastern Jews), Juhurim (Mountain Jews of the Caucasus), Italqim (Italian Jews), and most other modern Jewish populations of the world is Israelite. The Israelite haplotypes fall into haplogroups J and E.
* Ashkenazim also descend, in a smaller way, from European peoples such as Slavs and Khazars. The non-Israelite haplogroups include Q (typically Central Asian) and R1a1 (typically Eastern European).
* Dutch Jews from the Netherlands also descend from northwestern Europeans.
* Sephardim also descend, in a smaller way, from various non-Israelite peoples.
* Georgian Jews (Gruzim) are a mix of Georgians and Israelites.
* Yemenite Jews (Temanim) are a mix of Yemenite Arabs and Israelites.
* Moroccan Jews, Algerian Jews, and Tunisian Jews are mainly Israelites.
* Libyan Jews are mainly Berbers.
* Ethiopian Jews are almost exclusively Ethiopian, with little or no Israelite ancestry.
* Palestinian Arabs are probably partly Israelite.
http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/abstracts.html
"The most-frequent haplotype in all three Jewish groups (the CMH [haplotype 159 in the Appendix]) segregated on a Eu 10 background, together with the three modal haplotypes in Palestinians and Bedouin (haplotypes 144, 151, and 166).
.... Previous studies of Y chromosome polymorphisms reported a small European contribution to the Ashkenazi paternal gene pool (Santachiara-Benerecetti et al. 1993; Hammer et al. 2000). In our sample, this low-level gene flow may be reflected in the Eu 19 chromosomes, which are found at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews and which are very frequent in Eastern Europeans (54%-60%) (Semino et al. 2000). Alternatively, it is attractive to hypothesize that Ashkenazim with Eu 19 chromosomes represent descendants of the Khazars, originally a Turkic tribe from Central Asia, who settled in southern Russia and eastern Ukraine and converted en masse to Judaism in the ninth century of the present era, as described by Yehuda Ha-Levi in 1140 A.D. (Dunlop 1954)."
http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/abstracts-jews.html
... At the present time, it is known that Eastern European Jews have a significant Eastern Mediterranean element which manifests itself in a close relationship with Kurdish, Armenian, Palestinian Arab, Lebanese, Syrian, and Anatolian Turkish peoples. This is why the Y-DNA haplogroups J and E, which are typical of the Middle East, are so common among them. At the same time, there are traces of European (including Western Slavic) and Khazar ancestry among European Jews. ..
Important studies archived here include the University College London study of 2002, Ariella Oppenheim's study of 2001, Ariella Oppenheim's study of 2000, Michael Hammer's study of 2000, and others.
Key findings:
* The main ethnic element of Ashkenazim (German and Eastern European Jews), Sephardim (Spanish and Portuguese Jews), Mizrakhim (Middle Eastern Jews), Juhurim (Mountain Jews of the Caucasus), Italqim (Italian Jews), and most other modern Jewish populations of the world is Israelite. The Israelite haplotypes fall into haplogroups J and E.
* Ashkenazim also descend, in a smaller way, from European peoples such as Slavs and Khazars. The non-Israelite haplogroups include Q (typically Central Asian) and R1a1 (typically Eastern European).
* Dutch Jews from the Netherlands also descend from northwestern Europeans.
* Sephardim also descend, in a smaller way, from various non-Israelite peoples.
* Georgian Jews (Gruzim) are a mix of Georgians and Israelites.
* Yemenite Jews (Temanim) are a mix of Yemenite Arabs and Israelites.
* Moroccan Jews, Algerian Jews, and Tunisian Jews are mainly Israelites.
* Libyan Jews are mainly Berbers.
* Ethiopian Jews are almost exclusively Ethiopian, with little or no Israelite ancestry.
* Palestinian Arabs are probably partly Israelite.
http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/abstracts.html
"The most-frequent haplotype in all three Jewish groups (the CMH [haplotype 159 in the Appendix]) segregated on a Eu 10 background, together with the three modal haplotypes in Palestinians and Bedouin (haplotypes 144, 151, and 166).
.... Previous studies of Y chromosome polymorphisms reported a small European contribution to the Ashkenazi paternal gene pool (Santachiara-Benerecetti et al. 1993; Hammer et al. 2000). In our sample, this low-level gene flow may be reflected in the Eu 19 chromosomes, which are found at elevated frequency (12.7%) in Ashkenazi Jews and which are very frequent in Eastern Europeans (54%-60%) (Semino et al. 2000). Alternatively, it is attractive to hypothesize that Ashkenazim with Eu 19 chromosomes represent descendants of the Khazars, originally a Turkic tribe from Central Asia, who settled in southern Russia and eastern Ukraine and converted en masse to Judaism in the ninth century of the present era, as described by Yehuda Ha-Levi in 1140 A.D. (Dunlop 1954)."
http://www.khazaria.com/genetics/abstracts-jews.html
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