Seven Southern slave states rebelled and created the foundation of the Confederacy. Its attack of Fort Sumter against the Union forces there in 1861 started the Civil War. Defeat of the Confederates in 1865 led to the impoverishment of the South and the abolition of slavery. In the Reconstruction era following the war, legal and voting rights were extended to freed slaves. The national government emerged much stronger, and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868, it gained explicit duty to protect individual rights. However, when white Democrats regained their power in the South in 1877, often by paramilitary suppression of voting, they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy, as well as new disenfranchising state constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting. This continued until the gains of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s and the passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights.

Пуху. Хорошо, в "точечных датах" войны за Независимость ВЫ правы. Я погуглила. Но и эти события Гражданской Войны, см. цитату, были тоже ее отголосками. Ключевое слово- освобождение от рабства. "Abolition of Slavery"- Во всех смыслах. и особенно в том, о чем я пишу. О личной несвободе крепостных, коими русский крестьяне были сами, как раз в упоминаемое время, 1861-1863 годы.