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Олменд коренной житель
в ответ Мущщщина 04.01.05 15:36
@Тут Вы глубоко заблуждаетесь. Читать на иврите умели очень многие. Оба моих деда рассказывали, как к ним в детстве приходил учитель и учил их ивриту и Торе, при том, что они не были из каких-то богатых, знатных или образованных. семей. Только умевшие читать на иврите не попали в Вашу статистику, образованием это не считалось.
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Вот ссылка на еврейский источник о жизни евреев в Польше и Чехии, которые как раз к этому моменту стали переселятся на Украину. Это был 18 век, когда в России начали появляться немецкие пионеры-колонисты со своими немецкими школами и немецкой системой образования.
http://yucs.org/~jyuter/notes/earlymodern.html
EARLY MODERN INTELLECTUAL JEWISH HISTORY
Dr. Alan Brill
Notes by Josh Yuter
In the 18th century, Poland will enserf its peasants. Only country in the 18th cen that enslaves people rather than free them....
According to tax records, jews were 75% business people 50% on wages (sofer, hazan) 10% poor. Most wealthy.
2-20% of Jewish men could read with some level of understanding. Women had about 90% illiteracy.. Jews kept business records in Hebrew. A city like Prague was completely renaissance with huge literacy rates and therefore will have strong yeshivot. Krakow will have an Itallian princess who will build schools.
In Ukraine, no books, education and small town. "Wild west." Polish Jewish life filled with violence (between jews). Ritual questions by people moving out.
...
Jews will move by the thousands to the Ukraine for the arendas. The observance goes down. Even after the Helminisky massacres, the Jews move even further into the Ukraine. The anti-Semitism not seen as anti Jewish but anti-German and Polish. Every town keeper, merchant, and shopkeeper was Jewish. In these taverns, have Jews selling vodka to the peasant, and the customers also want dinner i.e. pork, and they must be open on Saturday as well. Eastern European Jewry cannot live without the selling of the store to non-Jews for shabbat concept.
One of the issues is what gives you the power to be rabbi. In Ukraine, have people with no education as rabbis.
___________________________
~Wer lesen kann, ist im Vorteil~
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Вот ссылка на еврейский источник о жизни евреев в Польше и Чехии, которые как раз к этому моменту стали переселятся на Украину. Это был 18 век, когда в России начали появляться немецкие пионеры-колонисты со своими немецкими школами и немецкой системой образования.
http://yucs.org/~jyuter/notes/earlymodern.html
EARLY MODERN INTELLECTUAL JEWISH HISTORY
Dr. Alan Brill
Notes by Josh Yuter
In the 18th century, Poland will enserf its peasants. Only country in the 18th cen that enslaves people rather than free them....
According to tax records, jews were 75% business people 50% on wages (sofer, hazan) 10% poor. Most wealthy.
2-20% of Jewish men could read with some level of understanding. Women had about 90% illiteracy.. Jews kept business records in Hebrew. A city like Prague was completely renaissance with huge literacy rates and therefore will have strong yeshivot. Krakow will have an Itallian princess who will build schools.
In Ukraine, no books, education and small town. "Wild west." Polish Jewish life filled with violence (between jews). Ritual questions by people moving out.
...
Jews will move by the thousands to the Ukraine for the arendas. The observance goes down. Even after the Helminisky massacres, the Jews move even further into the Ukraine. The anti-Semitism not seen as anti Jewish but anti-German and Polish. Every town keeper, merchant, and shopkeeper was Jewish. In these taverns, have Jews selling vodka to the peasant, and the customers also want dinner i.e. pork, and they must be open on Saturday as well. Eastern European Jewry cannot live without the selling of the store to non-Jews for shabbat concept.
One of the issues is what gives you the power to be rabbi. In Ukraine, have people with no education as rabbis.
___________________________
~Wer lesen kann, ist im Vorteil~