Вот еще до кучи с сайта немецкого консульства.
"Национальные визы (типа D)
для въезда на долгосрочное пребывание (более, чем 90 дней); они также разрешает краткосрочные пребывания в других Шенгенских странах независимо от записи «действительна для: ...» в первой строке визы."
http://www.germania.diplo.de/Vertretung/russland/ru/06-stpe/visa/verfahren/visum-arten/seite.html
По поводу первого момента:
"COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION EN
Brussels, 22 March 2010
7803/10 (Presse 71)
Free movement of third country nationals with a long stay visa
within the Schengen area
....
Concerning free movement, third country nationals with a long-stay visa are put on the
same footing as third country nationals holding valid residence permits: They will be able
to move freely for up to three months in any six-month period within the territories of the
other Schengen states. This is important for two reasons: First, for the general purpose of
free travel within the Schengen area and second, for the specific purpose of transit through
another Schengen state when returning from the country that issues the visa. "
"They will be able
to move freely for up to three months in any six-month period within the territories of the
other Schengen states. "
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2010:085:0001:0004:EN:PDF